Parenthetical+Citations

What is in-text citations (also know as parenthetical references)? = = As you write your paper in MLA style, you will be talking about things you found in your research. Therefore, you will have to indicate in your text exactly where you found the information.This can be done with parenthetical citations. = =

When you make reference to someone else's idea, either through paraphrasing or quoting them directly, you provide the author’s name and the page number of the work in the text of your paper.This is the parenthetical citation, and it is the alternative to using footnotes.

Here is an example of parenthetical citations: Even today, many children are born outside the safety of hospitals (Kasserman 182). = = This indicates that you are using information found in a book by somebody named Kasserman (last name) and it was found on page 182. = = You may also give the same information in another way, if you want to name the author in your sentence. You might want to do this to add variety to your paper: = = > According to Laura Kasserman, “many children today do not benefit from the sanitary conditions which are available in modern facilities” (182). Many children are born outside the safety of hospitals. = = Be sure to use quotation marks when quoting someone directly.

**Words you should know:** __ In-text citations __ : to give credit to an author or creator where credit is due within the paper. Sources can not be quoted or paraphrased without acknowledgement. __ Bibliography: __ The specific bibliographic information needed for another person to locate the work referenced in your paper. A bibliography includes all sources consulted for your paper. Do Not include encyclopedias as part of the bibliography for your internal assessment.

*** Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information in the bibliography. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text, must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry in the Works Cited page (Purdue OWL).